Nanoparticles
(NPs) research is currently an area of intense scientific surveys, due to a
variety of their potential applications. However, the characteristics making
NPs attractive for their exploitation in new products have led to concerns that
NPs may pose a risk for environment and human health. Silver NPs (AgNPs) are of
particular interest because of their well-known antibacterial and antifungal
properties. Therefore, they can be found in various consumer products. Since plants play a significant role in
accumulation and biodistribution of many environmentally released substances,
they could be influenced by AgNPs, serving as a potential pathway for
AgNP-transport and bioaccumulation into food chains. The aim of the study is to
reveal effects of differently coated AgNPs: neutral PVP-AgNP, negatively
charged citrate-AgNP and positively charged CTAB-AgNP on tobacco cell ultrastructure.
Two months-old plants grown on a solid MS medium were exposed to aqueous
solution of 100 µM of each AgNPs for 7 days. For localization and
ultrastructural analyses, tobacco leaf and root tissues were fixed with 1%
glutaraldehyde and postfixed with 1% OsO4 in cacodylate buffer (pH
7.2). After dehydration in ethanol, the tissue was embedded in Spurr's resin.
Ultrathin sections were examined using a FEI Morgagni 268D electron microscope.
Ultrastructural studies revealed changes in root meristematic cells and leaf chloroplasts
in AgNP-treated plants. In the presence of all AgNPs root meristematic cells
became highly vacuolated. In leaf cells the chloroplasts of citrate-AgNP
treated plants were bigger but with less-developed thylakoid system. Plants treated
with PVP-AgNP were characterized with thinner and longer chloroplasts with stacked
thylakoids compared to controls. In CTAB-AgNP treated plants, chloroplasts were
well developed with higher content of plastoglobules compared to control. The obtained
results show the impact of AgNPs on the ultrastructure of root meristematic
cells and leaf chloroplasts, which is also dependent on the applied coating.